Principle adverse impact indicators (PAIs)

Here you can find the relevant data for the Adverse Sustainability indicators for Finland.

Please note that the information below is an indicative compilation of sovereign PAI data sources; it is not a disclosure of PAIs for the state’s shareholdings.

Indicators applicable to investments in sovereigns and supranationals

Adverse sustainability indicator Metric Impact [year] Impact [year]
Environmental 1. GHG emissions

Finland’s total GHG emissions excluding the land use/LULUCF sector

Detailed and sectoral information on
Finland’s emission trends:

Annual Climate Report 2024 (of year 2023):
https://ym.fi/en/annual-climate-report

40.6 Mt CO2 -eq. [2023] 45.8 Mt CO2 -eq. [2022]
Environmental 2. Finland’s emissions intensity

Total GHG emissions (tCO₂e) /
PPP-adjusted GDP (international USD)

Source for total GHG emissions: Statistics Finland
Source for PPP-adjusted GDP in $: IMF

2023: 335.760 bn (current prices; PPP; international dollars)
2022: 324.269 bn (current prices; PPP, international dollars)

0.12 [2023] 0.14 [2022]
Social 1. UN conventions that Finland has signed

Please see United Nations Treaty Collection:

Participant Search: United Nations Treaty Collection

   
Social 2. State of democracy and civil liberties 

Freedom House: Finland has full scores (100/100)
in the annual survey by Freedom House.

Finland country profile (Freedom in the World 2024): Finland: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report | Freedom House

Score:
100/100
[2024]
Score:
100/100
[2023]
Social 3. State of corruption

Transparency International: Finland is one of
the least corrupted countries in the world.

Finland’s country profile
(Corruption Perceptions Index 2023):
https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023/index/fin

Score:
87/100
[2023]

Global rank:

2/180
[2023]
Score:
87/100
[2022]

Global rank:

2/180
[2022]
Social 4. Distribution of income

In Finland, the income distribution is among the most equal in the world.

World Bank: Gini Index
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=FI

Value:
27.7 
[2021]
Value:
27.1
[2020]
Social 5. Human Development 

Human Development Index (United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI

HDI value:
0.942
[2022]
HDI value:
0.941
[2021]
Social  6. Government spending on education

Total government spending on education, as % of government expenditure (World Bank):
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=FI

% of total:
10.2
[2021]
% of total:
10.2
[2020]
Social 7. World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGBI)

Finland ranks above OECD high income peers in six dimension of governance.

Comparison of Finland to other OECD countries using WGBI (latest data release: 2023): https://www.treasuryfinland.fi/investor-relations/sustainability-and-finnish-government-bonds/finland-in-world-bank-governance-indicators/ 

Voice and Accountability:
98.55/100
[2022] 

Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism: 79.72/100
[2022]

Government Effectiveness:
96.70/100
[2022]

Regulatory Quality:
97.17/100
[2022]

Rule of Law:
100.00/100
[2022]

Control of Corruption:
99.53/100
[2022]

Voice and Accountability:
99.52/100
[2021] 

Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism:
83.49/100
[2021]

Government Effectiveness:
98.10/100
[2021]

Regulatory Quality:
99.05/100
[2021]

Rule of Law:
100.00/100
[2021]

Control of Corruption:
99.52/100
[2021]

Social 8. Sustainable Development Goals

Currently Finland has achieved/is on track to achieve roughly 60% of the SDG targets. Finland has achieved goals no. 1 (No Poverty), 4 (Quality Education) and 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy). Major challenges remain on goals no. 2 (Zero Hunger), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) as well as 13 (Climate Action).

Finland country profile: https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/finland

SDG Index Score:
86.4/100
[2024]

Global rank:
1/166
[2024]

Spillover rank:
139/163

Spillover Score:
67.2/100

SDG Index Score:
86.8/100

[2023]

Global rank:
1/166
[2023]

Spillover rank:
128/163

Spillover Score:
73.7/100